Page 52 - Grammar For YDT - 12

TENSES

“When” bağlacı, iki olayın aynı zamanda ya da peş peşe gerçekleştiği durumlarda, ayrıca belirli bir zaman
noktasını ifade etmek için kullanılır.
▪ When the general realized that they would be defeated, he ordered to retreat from the battlefield.
▪ When I encountered him, he was toddling down to the market.
▪ When the members were informed of the adjournal of the conference, they had already assembled in the waiting room.
“While”, “as” ve “just as” bağlaçları, iki olayın aynı anda gerçekleştiği durumları anlatmak için kullanılır.
Benzer anlamda “when” bağlacı da tercih edilebilir.
▪ While / As / Just as a tanker carrying oil was drifting in the Mediterranean Sea, it collided with a Chinese freight ship.
▪ While the robbers were taking all the money, people were only watching them.
▪ Just as Sue saw Mike’s new hair style, she burst into laughter.
▪ While the shepherd took a nap in his felt cloak, his sheep grazed.

▪ An earthquake occurred while my mother was having her hair dyed.
“By the time” bağlacı, bir eylemin başka bir eylemden önce gerçekleştiğini veya gerçekleşeceğini ifade etmek
için kullanılır.
▪ By the time we removed the chicken from the oven, it was totally burned and became inedible.

▪ A lot of traffic accidents had happened by the time the municipality removed the snow on the road and salted it.
“Until / Till” bağlaçları, belirli bir zamana kadar süren veya o zamana kadar gerçekleşecek olan durumları ifade
etmek için kullanılır.

▪ Thomas Edison made a thousand unsuccessful attempts until he invented the light bulb.
▪ Steve had worked as a waiter for a couple of years until he achieved his dream job.
“As soon as”, “once”, “immediately after”, “soon after” ve “the moment” bağlaçları, iki olay arasında çok kısa
bir zaman aralığı olduğunu belirtmek için kullanılır.
▪ As soon as we fetched the files, the inspector started to examine them.
▪ Soon after the American forces had seized control of Auschwitz, they liberated more than 20,000 prisoners there.
“No sooner ... than” ve “hardly / scarcely / barely ... when” yapıları, iki olay arasında çok kısa bir zaman farkı
olduğunu ifade eder. Bu yapılar cümleye “... demeye kalmadan”, “tam ... olmuştu ki”, “hemen ardından” gibi
anlamlar katar.
▪ The plane had no sooner taken off than it was hit by a flock of birds.

▪ No sooner had the plane taken off than it was hit by a flock of birds. (inverted form)
▪ Lucy had hardly / barely / scarcely graduated from the university when she was offered a job by one of the biggest
companies in the country.
▪ Hardly / Barely / Scarcely had Lucy graduated from the university when she was offered a job by one of the biggest
companies in the country. (inverted form)
Present Tenses:
Temel cümlede “Present Tenses” (Simple Present Tense, Present Continuous Tense) kullanılırsa, yan cümlede
de “Present Tenses” kullanılmalıdır.
▪ When evaporation happens, only the water evaporates, and the salt is left behind.
▪ You had better have your ID card with you when you go out at night.

▪ As people get older, their skins become more fragile.
▪ Generally, while I am in my summerhouse, I take care of the plants in my garden and go fishing with my neighbours.
▪ Mom dolphins have to stay awake at nights until their calves learn how to protect themselves.
▪ The moment you speak in one language, this app transcribes what you say into another language.

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