Page 300 - 3 STEPS YDT ENGLISH

ENGLISH

78. (I) The problem of translating colour words arises in two quite
distinct forms. (II) The first occurs where the colour word is
employed in a purely descriptive and literal sense. (III) Here
the solution depends upon visualising the exact colour meant
by the word in the source language and knowing the correct
equivalent in the target language by which to translate it.
(IV) The second case confronts the translator in the form of
an entirely metaphorical use of a colour, e.g., 'black despair'.
(V) Colour is, in fact, probably the most common factor
employed in the formation of metaphors in all languages.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

79. (I) The retina, the screen at the back of the eye on which the
lens of the eye casts its image, contains two different kinds
of sensitive elements. (II) One set, the rods, register shape;
the other, the cones, register colour. (III) Animals that sleep
at night and are active mostly during the daylight hours have
a mixture of both of these in their retinas. (IV) Some species
are able to see over an even wider colour spectrum than we
can. (V) But colour is largely invisible at night so nocturnal
creatures have eyes with retinas packed almost entirely with
rods.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

80. (I) The principal task of a shampoo is to clean the hair. (II) For
that purpose, shampoo contains surface-active substances,
so-called surfactants, that become attached to the water-
insoluble dirt and fat deposits in the hair. (III) Subsequently,
they are washed away again with water when the hair is
rinsed and shampoo removed. (IV) Sodium laureate sulphate
is what makes the shampoo foam. (V) We should, however,
be careful about removing too much fat from the hair because
the fatty substances also have a protective function.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

300