Page 91 - READING COMPANION TO ENGLISH EXAMS

5.4 WORLD HERITAGE

Cultural Heritage beyond Buildings and Borders

When we think of cultural heritage, we usually visualise monuments, historical buildings, and archaeological
(1)
sites. However, it encompasses much more than just these physical structures; it includes all forms of human
(2)
creativity and expression. In fact, today, it has grown to involve all aspects of a community’s identity, such as
the natural environment and underwater heritage. This broader definition also includes immaterial elements
(3)
like traditions, oral history, performing arts, and traditional craftsmanship passed down from generation
to generation. Such intangible heritage examples include Japanese Kabuki theatre, Spanish flamenco,
(4)
the Mediterranean diet, and Kazakh falconry. Nonetheless, cultural heritage is not solely an assortment of
(5)
objects or traditions from the past. It results from a selection process where societies choose what is worthy of
being preserved for future generations. While the term ‘cultural heritage’ may conjure up (6) images of a single
society and its members, cultural boundaries are not always well-defined. All peoples contribute to the world’s
culture, which is why all cultural heritage should be universally respected and safeguarded. National laws and
(7)
international treaties can help protect it from illicit trafficking by private collectors or foreign museums and the
(8)
destruction of historical sites. For this reason, UNESCO has adopted international conventions on the protection
of cultural heritage to promote intercultural understanding and highlight the importance of international
cooperation in preserving this legacy. With proper conservation strategies, we can retain an immensely (10)
(9)
valuable part of our history and identity so the coming generations will be able to appreciate and learn from it.

a Choose the correct meaning of the highlighted and numbered words and phrases in the
passage.

1. A to contain something as part of a whole 6. A to bring something to someone’s mind
B to make something happen or exist B to predict the future or a future event
C to have a picture of something in mind C to cause something to be or to happen
2. A to be closely equivalent to something 7. A with extreme force or strength
B to include a large number of things B as far as one knows or can see
C to keep something out of a place C by everyone; in every case
3. A to give something freely as a donation 8. A conforming to the law or to rules
B to transfer knowledge to the young B not legally permitted or acceptable
C to return something to its legal owner C in accordance with reason or logic
4. A not able to be touched or measured 9. A something received from an ancestor
B based on what is generally done B the action or process of collaborating
C fulfilling expectations or objectives C a field or domain of activity or interest
5. A property that is or may be inherited 10. A in an orderly manner
B the state of being respected by many B with a clear meaning
C a miscellaneous collection of things C to a very great extent

b Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words given below.
illicit intangible visualise
immensely universally
1. Many ancient sites have been looted worldwide, and the trafficking of cultural property has
led to the loss of important historical artefacts.
2. The of cultural heritage highlights the commonalities and shared experiences that connect
humanity across different time periods and geographic regions.
3. Using modern technology such as photogrammetry and laser scanning, one can create a highly detailed
and accurate 3D of archaeological sites.
4. The of the World Heritage Sites is awe-inspiring in that it showcases the achievements of
human civilisation and the natural wonders that have been preserved so far.
5. We can benefit from the preservation of cultural heritage, for example by gaining a deeper
understanding of our shared history and strengthening social cohesion.
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