Page 119 - Grammar For YDT - 11

CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS

hardly … when … / scarcely … when … / barely … when …
“… yapar yapmaz” anlamına gelirler.
Jessica had hardly / scarcely / barely taken a few steps out of her house when she realised she had left her wallet
inside.
11. Inversion

“Inversion” bir cümle içinde sözcüklerin yerini değiştirerek oluşturulan devrik cümle yapısını elde etmek için kullanılır.
Cümle, sınırlayıcı anlama sahip ya da olumsuz anlam taşıyan bir kelime ile başlarsa devrik yapı kullanılır.
hardly ever not until / not till only by / only with hardly / scarcely / barely ... when
seldom not since neither … nor on no account
as only if / only when not only … but also under any circumstances
than only then / only later no sooner … than under no circumstances

hardly ever / seldom
“Neredeyse hiç, nadiren” anlamlarına gelirler.
The old clock hardly ever / seldom works properly; its timekeeping is unreliable.
Video 6.13
Hardly ever / Seldom does the old clock work properly; its timekeeping is unreliable.
as / than
Karşılaştırmada kullanılan bu yapılardan sonra devrik cümle yapılabilir.
The documentary about the famous artist provides a detailed biography as does the book.
Some people think that the book impacts people much more emotionally than does the film.
“than” ile yapılan karşılaştırmalarda ikinci cümlenin fiili “be” ise ikinci cümlede devrik yapı kullanılmaz.
In the finals of the dance competition, Anna was much more captivating than her rival.
“than” ile yapılan karşılaştırmalarda her iki cümlede de özne aynı ise devrik cümle yapılmaz.
In the playoffs, the team played much more intensely than they did last season.

not until / not till
“-e kadar -i yapmamak” anlamında kullanılırlar.
Samantha did not realise the importance of the event until / till she read the news article.
Not until / Not till Samantha read the article did she realise the importance of the event.

not since
Bu yapı Türkçe’ye “-den beri ... -madı / -medi” şeklinde çevrilebilir.
Not since the early 20 century have scientists seen such a big improvement in the field of quantum physics.
th
only if
“Kaydıyla, ancak, eğer …-sa” anlamlarına gelir.
We can ensure a sustainable future for our planet only if we reduce carbon emissions and conserve natural resources.
Only if we reduce carbon emissions and conserve natural resources can we ensure a sustainable future for our planet.

only when
“Ancak … olduğunda” anlamına gelir.
The true value of health becomes apparent only when you face a serious illness.
Only when you face a serious illness does the true value of health become apparent.

only then / only later
“Ancak sonrasında” ve “ancak o zaman” anlamlarına gelirler.

The researchers understood the complexity of the scientific phenomenon they were investigating only then / only later.
Only then / Only later did the researchers understand the complexity of the scientific phenomenon they were investigating.

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