Page 166 - Grammar For YDT - 11

RELATIVE CLAUSES

ENGLISH The patients who were discharged from the hospital yesterday must come for their follow-up visits next Friday.

(Bu cümlede ise “relative clause” edilgen bir “the Simple Past Tense” cümlesi iken ana cümle “present modal” ile
oluşturulmuştur. Bu sebeple kısaltma yapılırken “having been V ” yapısı kullanılarak cümleler arası zaman farkı
3
vurgulanabilir.)

The patients having been discharged from the hospital yesterday must come for their follow-up visits next Friday.
The author who was given the Nobel Prize in literature writes mostly about human rights.

Superlatives

The author having been given the Nobel Prize in literature writes mostly about human rights.

Bazı farklı durumlarda “to infinitive” yapısı ile de kısaltma yapılabilir. Etken cümlelerde “to infinitive” yapısı
kullanılırken edilgen cümlelerde “to be V ” yapısı kullanılmalıdır. Şimdi bu yapıları ayrıntılı inceleyelim:
3
Rita was the shortest basketball player who scored more than 40 points in a match.

Ordinal Numbers

Rita was the shortest basketball player to score more than 40 points in a match.
Alice has the hardest task which must be done in complete secrecy.

Alice has the hardest task to be done in complete secrecy.
Pele was the first football player who won three World Cups.

Pele was the first football player to win three World Cups.
The second place that was visited during the journey was the parliament building of the city.

The second place to be visited during the journey was the parliament building of the city.

the next / the last / the only

The team cannot decide on the next player who will shoot the penalty.
The team cannot decide on the next player to shoot the penalty.

The captain is the last person who will leave the ship.

The captain is the last person to leave the ship.
Ann was the only person who arrived late for the concert yesterday evening.

Ann was the only person to arrive late for the concert yesterday evening.
Yukarıdaki yapılarda “relative clause”un zamanı daha geçmişteyse ve ana cümledeki fiil ile “relative clause”daki fill
arasında bir zaman farkı varsa, ayrıca “relative clause” etken yapıdaysa “to have V ” yapısı kullanılır.
3
Grace is the first artist who exhibited her artwork in the new gallery.
Grace is the first artist to have exhibited her artwork in the new gallery.

Mary is the only student who completed the physics project within a week.
Mary is the only student to have completed the physics project within a week.

166