Page 18 - READING COMPANION TO ENGLISH EXAMS

c Read the passage and choose the correct d Choose the best word or expression to fill
answer for the questions below. the spaces in the passage.

1. According to the passage, on what basis are Cappadocia is famous for its unusual rock
rocks classified into various groups? formations known as fairy chimneys, which
A) The interaction of one or more minerals (1)‑‑‑‑ by natural forces during intense volcanic
determines the process, regardless of activity. (2)‑‑‑‑ volcanic ash, lava, and basalt
temperature and environmental changes. deposits began the foundation of today’s unique
B) Diverse minerals, specifically one or more, landscape, earthquakes and the ongoing effects
naturally compact residue layers in the of erosion have created the valleys and the fairy
Earth’s crust and on its surface. chimneys. The cones in the area grew in size
C) The components of the rocks can (3)‑‑‑‑ numerous eruptions, forming a chain of
volcanoes parallel to the Taurus Mountains.
alter according to time, pressure, and
environmental changes over the past years. Furthermore, the volcanic material contributed to
the appearance of a plateau, gradually moving
D) The properties of the accumulated residue (4)‑‑‑‑ the depressed regions and covering the
impact the formation process remarkably, no previously developed hills and valleys; this
matter how the circumstances change. geological activity made the region’s overall
E) Based on the formation process, rock landscape unique. On the other hand, the rock
is a naturally occurring mass of mineral underneath the top layer of basalt was (5)‑‑‑‑ soft;
components formed by environmental factors. therefore, it could be easily carved. Communities
2. Which of the following best describes the took advantage of this by settling many excellent
formation of sedimentary rocks? homes, churches, and whole cities in the rock
A) The most vital factor affecting their formation pillars and beneath the ground in Cappadocia.
is the power of the particles washed off 1.
eroding rocks.
B) The lowest layers compact so firmly that they A) were being formed B) had been formed
create solid rock, which is a good example of C) were formed D) have been formed
rocks. E) will have been formed
C) They are formed by depositing mineral or
organic particles on the Earth’s surface under
various weather conditions. 2.
D) Being of a different colour, particle size, A) As B) Unless
cement type, or internal arrangement makes C) Whereas D) Although
them distinguishable from other types.
E) Even though enough accumulation has been E) Before
transformed somewhere, they still need the
influence of decent weather conditions. 3.
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the A) in spite of B) similar to
passage about metamorphic rocks? C) regardless of D) apart from
A) They are formed entirely by temperature E) due to
change, pressure, mechanical stress, and
chemical component addition or subtraction.
B) The fact that they are the last rock formation 4.
type means they do not have an effective A) over B) against
formation method. C) behind D) towards
C) They are derived from the available
sedimentary and igneous rocks in response E) above
to changeable environmental conditions.
D) Hardly are they formed in decent 5.
environmental conditions when the A) accurately B) considerably
pre-existent rocks release chemical reactions.
E) Neither altering pre-existent rocks nor C) subsequently D) attentively
changing environmental conditions play a E) respectively
significant role in their formation process.
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