Page 23 - READING COMPANION TO ENGLISH EXAMS

Answer the questions 21–23 according to the
passage below.

Since the ocean absorbs excess heat and 22. According to the passage, ----.
energy trapped in the Earth’s system due to
rising greenhouse gas emissions, it has long A) sea-level rise, together with tropical cyclones,
taken the brunt of the effects of global warming. has aggravated extraordinary events that
cause disastrous consequences for coastal
That extra heat and energy warming the ocean life
cause unprecedented cascading effects such as
ice melting, sea-level rise, marine heatwaves, B) excess heat and energy cause unpredictable
and ocean acidification. With intense tropical sequential events, such as ice melting, that
cyclones, sea-level rise has exacerbated extreme support coastal and marine ecosystems
events, including deadly storm surges and coastal C) global warming leads to extra heat and
hazards. Flooding, erosion, and landslides, which energy being trapped in the Earth’s system;
are now expected to occur at least once a year therefore, marine species have changed
in many places, have disastrous consequences
for coastal life. Additionally, rising temperatures D) coral reefs and mangroves that provide
increase the risk of irreversible loss of marine and habitat for marine species have been
coastal ecosystems. Today, we have seen some restored to minimise the damage to species
changes, such as damage to coral reefs and E) based on the observations made in the
mangroves that support ocean life and species ocean, the extinction of the world’s marine
migration to higher latitudes and altitudes where species could be held up by 2100
the water conditions are more suitable. The latest
estimates from the United Nations Educational,
Scientific, and Cultural Organization warn that
more than half of the world’s marine species may
become endangered by 2100.

21. It can be inferred from the passage that the 23. Why does the United Nations Educational,
temperature change ----. Scientific, and Cultural Organization warn?
A) not only causes sea-level rise, including A) To a large extent, marine species may
hazardous natural events but also impacts become extinct by the end of the century due
some communities’ lives and livelihoods to global warming.
B) has merely played a key role in the migration B) Species migration to higher latitudes and
of species to higher latitudes and altitudes altitudes, in particular, is a clear indication
that they will be endangered by 2100.
C) does not have immense impacts on coastal
and marine life, as it is expected to occur C) It is no use stopping marine species
yearly extinction unless greenhouse gas emissions
in the Earth’s system are reduced.
D) leads to cascading devastating natural
events and inevitable damage to coral reefs, D) Global warming causes sea-level rise,
mangroves, and marine species leading to coastal flooding and erosion; the
world’s marine species may face extinction
E) has been recently observed to cause all of by 2100.
the world’s marine species to face extinction
by 2100 E) If all these latest estimates come true, it
will be too late to rescue marine species by
2100.

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