Page 29 - READING COMPANION TO ENGLISH EXAMS

For the questions 37–40, choose the irrelevant
sentence in the passage.

37. (I) The descent and ascent in the Earth’s 39. (I) Deforestation reduces the humidity in the
hydrological cycle, due to human-induced climate atmosphere and can therefore have devastating
change, ultimately have a huge impact on the effects on farmers, restricting the availability of
world’s economic output. (II) Water scarcity water for their crops. (II) Without sufficient rainfall,
affects agricultural productivity and labour crops cannot grow properly, leading to food
outcomes and causes conflict; conversely, flash shortages and higher prices. (III) This may have
flooding can cause damage and reduce economic a detrimental impact, economically speaking,
output. (III) Soil is also greatly influenced by on both the farmers and the consumers.
rainfall change, which causes it to be either too (IV) For example, a loss of 2,000 square metres
wet or too dry. (IV) Rainfall changes, on the other of plantation usually results in a loss in the
hand, are difficult to model or assess on a amount of farmland. (V) While higher prices may
single-country basis, making it difficult to benefit some farmers, others may be at risk of
predict the global economic cost of climate going bankrupt if they are unable to cover their
change-induced rainfall. (V) To model the production costs.
impact of rainfall change on economic growth,
a group of scientists worked on 1,544 regions A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
across 77 countries over the last 40 years.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

38. (I) Industrial agriculture has several harmful 40. (I) Wind power is a sustainable way to generate
effects on the environment and human health, electricity, as it emits zero carbon; however, it
which include soil erosion and water pollution. can have some negative impacts on wildlife,
(II) They are caused by the excessive use of including birds, bats, and sea creatures.
pesticides and chemical fertilisers, as well as (II) Each year, millions of birds and bats are
the monoculture farming system, where a single killed when they collide with the spinning blades
type of crop is cultivated. (III) Furthermore, of wind turbines. (III) In addition, there has
industrial agriculture contributes to the depletion been a rise in the number of turbines installed
of natural resources and the loss of biodiversity. in coastal waters globally, with the individual
(IV) However, sustainable agriculture practices turbines becoming larger. (IV) This has caused
such as crop rotation and organic farming an increase in underwater noise levels, which can
can help mitigate these negative effects and disturb sensitive species and force them to leave
provide us with ecological and health benefits. their habitat. (V) Finally, people who live near
(V) Ultimately, both forms of agriculture have their wind turbines often experience dizziness and
own pros and cons, and farmers should achieve a headaches due to the noise the turbines make.
balance between productivity and sustainability.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

28
Ortaöğretim Genel Müdürlüğü Öğretim Programları ve Ders Kitapları Daire Başkanlığı