Page 64 - READING COMPANION TO ENGLISH EXAMS

35. The Incas thrived in the Andean region 36. The Roman aqueducts were advanced
of South America from the 13 to the 16
th
th
century. They established an empire known
as Tawantinsuyu, which encompassed a
vast territory stretching across today’s
Peru, Ecuador, Chile, and Colombia. ----
Cusco, their capital, is a good example of
their architectural skills with its magnificent
stonework and grand structures. Moreover,
the Incas were skilled farmers; they used
innovative techniques to maximise crop yields
and ensure the sustenance of their population.
However, their empire fell to Spanish attacks
led by Francisco Pizarro in 1533, ending the
Inca dominance in the region.
A) They were famous for their impressive
engineering skills in constructing
masterpieces of roads, bridges, and cities.
B) Their religious beliefs revolved around a
pantheon of gods, among whom the sun god
held great significance.
C) The Inca society was governed by a
centralised administration with a robust
system of governance.
D) The presence of Inca cultural elements and
traditions continues to offer insights into their
remarkable legacy.
E) They cultivated fertile lands and made
significant contributions to agricultural
practices like terracing and irrigation.
Ortaöğretim Genel Müdürlüğü Öğretim Programları ve Ders Kitapları Daire Başkanlığı
systems of transporting fresh water from
lakes and springs to densely populated
regions, serving multiple purposes like human
consumption, agricultural activities, and
public facilities, such as fountains and thermal
baths. ---- This is because constructing them
demanded precise planning and complex
networks composed of canals, tunnels, pipes,
and bridges. Moreover, the Romans used a
mixture of stone, brick, and pozzolana, a type
of volcanic cement, to build their aqueducts,
which contributed to their durability. The use
of this innovative material was a significant
factor in why numerous Roman aqueducts are
still standing today.
A) The existence of aqueducts is substantiated
by the remaining structures located in various
modern-day regions, such as France and
Türkiye.
B) Aqueducts are regarded as exceptional
engineering achievements, particularly when
considering the era in which they were built.
C) The bridges built with round-shaped stone
arches are perhaps the most identifiable
aspect of Roman aqueducts.
D) Despite their antiquity, certain aqueducts
continue to operate and furnish
contemporary Rome with fresh water.
E) The city of Rome depended solely on
approximately eleven aqueduct systems,
which transported water from sources
located kilometres away.
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