Page 67 - READING COMPANION TO ENGLISH EXAMS

4.1 DISEASES AND CONDITIONS

The Unseen Challenges of Invisible Illnesses and Disabilities

Invisible illnesses and disabilities are medical conditions which exhibit symptoms that are not readily
(1)
noticeable to others. Despite appearing healthy, individuals with such conditions are often faced with difficulties
that affect them either physically or mentally. These conditions encompass a wide range of diseases, including
(2)
persistent discomfort, mental health problems, learning disabilities, and autoimmune disorders such as
(3)
fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, anxiety, cancer, and others. However, getting an accurate diagnosis even for
(4)
certain ailments can be challenging as they cannot be identified through a basic blood test and often have
subjective symptoms like fatigue, headaches, and body aches that may be associated with various medical
disorders, leading individuals to struggle for many years to receive an appropriate treatment. Unfortunately, they
can also experience social stigmatisation and discrimination due to misconceptions that they are exaggerating
(5)
their symptoms or seeking attention. Furthermore, some tend to view them as indolent or not putting in
(6)
(7)
enough effort. Consequently, individuals with such illnesses frequently have to contend with negative attitudes
and beliefs that can hinder their access to necessary interventions and support. Healthcare providers, family
members, and friends may also miss out or disregard the symptoms of these individuals. Nevertheless,
(8)
invisible illnesses and disabilities can be just as debilitating as the visible ones and can significantly
compromise an individual’s overall well-being. It is essential for healthcare professionals to understand the
(9)
unique needs of them and prioritise their care accordingly. (10)
a Choose the correct meaning of the highlighted and numbered words and phrases in the
passage.

1. A to show visible signs; display 6. A unwilling to give or spend money
B to make the situation even worse B willing to obey rules and orders
C to become greater in amount C reluctant to work or be active
2. A without being influenced by feelings 7. A to fail at something or do it badly
B in a way that involves trying new methods B to have to deal with a problem
C in a manner relating to the mind C to stop trying to do something
3. A difficult to get rid of or deal with 8. A to fail to include someone or something
B not causing damage or harm B to put in a wrong or inappropriate place
C lasting for only a short time C to stop something from being done
4. A responsibility for wrongdoing or failure 9. A to repair something to work properly
B a bodily disorder or chronic disease B to keep something safe from harm
C a place equipped to conduct tests C to cause something to be in danger
5. A the ability to sense other people’s feelings 10. A in a way that is likely to cause problems
B the act of treating someone unfairly B in a way that is suitable for the situation
C confidence in one’s own worth or abilities C in a way that is not right for the purpose

b Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words given below.
exhibit mentally stigmatisation
ailment indolent persistent
1. The act of individuals based on their health conditions can lead to negative outcomes like
feelings of isolation and shame, which can worsen their symptoms.
2. A(n) of arrogance and disrespect towards others is common among individuals with
narcissistic personality disorder, giving rise to strained relationships and difficulties in social settings.
3. Several symptoms of depression share similarities with , such as low energy and
motivation, as well as reduced enthusiasm for activities previously found pleasurable.
4. Psychiatry is a medical field that focuses on , emotional, and behavioural disorders, which
can greatly affect a person’s ability to function in work, school, and social settings.
5. Millions of people around the globe are suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes
and heart disease, which are often accompanied by physical limitations and financial burdens.
6. patients with rare diseases are constantly facing various difficulties, but they can still be
optimistic because new treatments are being developed quickly thanks to advancements in technology.
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