Page 152 - READING COMPANION TO ENGLISH EXAMS

Answer the questions 30–32 according to the
passage below.

When individuals form opinions of others, they 31. It is stated in the passage that individuals low
consider various factors, such as appearance, in need for cognition ----.
behaviour, and personality traits, besides their A) tend to make more intolerant judgments
own beliefs and values. This process ensures towards stigmatised groups
that people’s impressions of others will not be
exactly the same. The way individuals perceive B) take situational factors into account when
others is greatly influenced by how easily they evaluating the behaviours of others
access certain characteristics in their minds. This C) have a strong desire to acquire knowledge
variation in accessibility will cause individuals to about the people with whom they interact
focus on different aspects of the other person. For
instance, individuals who highly value physical D) exhibit behaviour that is marked by
attractiveness tend to focus on this characteristic, thoughtfulness and patience
while others may prioritise attributes like race, E) refrain from making spontaneous and
religion, or clothing style based on their interests impulsive judgments
and values. Additionally, once a positive impression
of someone is formed, such as perceiving them as
intelligent or diligent, any later negative information
about them seems less significant. This is known
as the ‘halo effect’, where an overall positive
evaluation of a person influences how we perceive
their characteristics. Furthermore, people differ
in their level of attentiveness while processing
information about others. Some individuals strongly
need to gain knowledge about those with whom
they interact, considering situational factors when
assessing others’ behaviours. This results in the
formation of more tolerant judgments towards
stigmatised groups. Conversely, individuals low in
need for cognition may exhibit more impulsive and
impatient behaviour, leading to quicker and more
spontaneous judgments.

30. Which of the following is true about the halo 32. Which of the following could be the main idea
effect? of this passage?
A) It is solely associated with the positive traits A) The perception and interpretation of
that shape our perception of a person, and information are significantly influenced by
it has no impact on how we perceive their an individual’s characteristics and personal
negative qualities. traits.
B) It is a conscious process that individuals can B) Individuals who highly prioritise physical
effectively manage and overcome through attractiveness frequently misjudge others
deliberate thought and effort. because of their subjective assessments.
C) It is restricted to one’s physical appearance C) Human relations can be challenging when
and does not extend to their behaviours, skills, we assume others share our perspective
or personality traits. without fully understanding theirs.
D) It refers to the tendency to perceive one’s D) The conclusions we reach about others with
attributes positively because of the initial whom we share common attributes, such as
positive impression they have created. religion and race, are generally consistent
and correct.
E) It ensures that once we form a positive opinion
of others, we will never notice or consider any E) People with common values tend to perceive
negative traits or actions they may exhibit. others similarly, leading to a negative
impression of individuals who differ from
themselves.
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