Page 149 - READING COMPANION TO ENGLISH EXAMS

Answer the questions 21–23 according to the
passage below.

Language acquisition is a process in which 22. According to the passage, what does
individuals acquire the ability to perceive and interactionist theory propose?
interpret language, as well as to make sentences
for communication. Numerous theorists have A) Not only do children learn language from
their environment, but they are also born with
contributed to its development, particularly an extreme cognitive ability to speak.
Jerome Bruner, an advocate of interactionist
theory. He believes children are born with a B) The interaction with adults constantly
capacity to develop language; however, they providing instructive corrections contributes a
need regular interaction with their parents, lot to children’s language development.
babysitters, or teachers to learn and comprehend C) Should adults observe and correct mistakes
it to the level of full fluency. Adults tend to correct when the child conceptualises language
mistakes children make while using language and independently, language growth will be
also frequently teach them what objects and their fulfilled.
purposes are. Bruner suggests this helps build
the framework that children will later rely on when D) Neither the child’s inherent language
further developing language. Adults can also capacity nor adults’ attention to the child’s
use child-directed speech (CDS), encompassing language development plays a role in
altering the way they talk while helping the language acquisition.
child conceptualise language autonomously, E) The language process requires the child to
prevalently known as ‘baby talk’. People use be in an environment in which adults correct
language slightly differently, including slower language mistakes occasionally.
speech with a higher pitch, more noticeable
intonations for different types of speech, and
relatively simple sentences to describe situations.
These various strategies simplify language to
make it as straightforward as possible for the
child to comprehend. He argues that children
cannot develop an understanding of the more
sophisticated components of language alone;
consequently, CDS offers an infant-friendly
introduction to language that can be built on
throughout infancy, early childhood, and into
school.

21. Language acquisition is the process by which 23. It is pointed out in the passage that
----. child-directed speech ----.
A) adults are solely in charge of teaching correct A) gives children such highly simple instructions
language patterns to children regarding language components that they
could be in need of adults’ help
B) children perceive and interpret language with
the natural ability within them B) is an infant-friendly language introduction
to build the basis for language, something
C) individuals acquire language naturally with children cannot develop alone in their later
the help of specific genes in their brain
years
D) individuals obtain language by imitating their C) improves an understanding of the more
environment unconsciously
complex words and sentences that children
E) people gain the capacity to perceive, figure out, regardless of adults’ contribution
comprehend, and express language properly
D) is a means of speech in which an adult
changes their use of language when talking
to a child to simplify language
E) incorporates ‘baby talk’ that makes the
language acquisition process and parents
involuntarily ridiculous and weird
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