Page 58 - READING COMPANION TO ENGLISH EXAMS

For the questions 11–15, choose the best word For the questions 16–20, choose the best word
or expression to fill the spaces in the passage. or expression to fill the spaces in the passage.

The Inuit are indigenous Arctic peoples living in The Olympic Games, which are believed (16)‑‑‑‑
Canada, Greenland, and Alaska. Traditionally, in 776 BC, were first organised about 3,000
they were hunting, fishing, and gathering for their years ago in the Peloponnese region of Greece.
subsistence. They developed a deep understanding They were named ‘Olympic’ (17)‑‑‑‑ the athletic
of the Arctic environment; (11)‑‑‑‑, they adapted contests that were held in Olympia. Despite the
their way of life to survive in harsh conditions. Inuit uncertain origins of the games, it is probable
society is characterised by close-knit communities that they were established to promote (18)‑‑‑‑
and extended families (12)‑‑‑‑ their social structure among the Hellenistic states. In ancient Greece,
which emphasises cooperation, sharing, and respect city states were in constant competition and
for elders. They utilised kayaks, dog sledges, and warfare for control (19)‑‑‑‑ resources, territory,
igloos for transportation and shelter. Their survival and authority. (20)‑‑‑‑, the Olympics provided
relied on fishing and hunting marine mammals a temporary halt to any conflicts between the
like seals, whales, and walruses. Inuit language participating cities, referred to as the Olympic
and cultural practices were integral to their daily peace. These games were held every four years
lives and continued (13)‑‑‑‑ through oral tradition. and were used to signify the ‘Olympiad’ period,
Historically, they faced challenges, including which served as a dating system instead of years.
colonisation and forced assimilation policies, which
had a huge impact (14)‑‑‑‑ their lifestyle. Today, 16.
the Inuit strive to (15)‑‑‑‑ their cultural identity while A) started B) to have started
facing modern-day issues such as climate change
and socio-economic challenges. C) to start D) having started
E) start
11.
A) moreover B) however 17.
C) even so D) hence A) except for B) by means of
E) likewise C) in spite of D) due to
E) along with
12.
A) as a result of B) instead of 18.
C) in addition to D) in case of A) unity B) engagement
E) contrary to C) identity D) agreement
E) curiosity
13.
A) to have passed down B) passing down 19.
A) into B) against
C) having passed down D) to be passed down
E) to pass down C) with D) at
E) over
14.
A) for B) on 20.
C) to D) by A) Therefore B) Similarly
C) Moreover D) However
E) at
E) Instead
15.
A) deceive B) disprove

C) relieve D) involve
E) preserve
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