Page 35 - Grammar For YDT - 11

TENSES

A. Time Expressions Frequently Used in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense

“The Present Perfect Continuous Tense”de yaygın olarak kullanılan zaman zarfları aşağıdaki tabloda yer almaktadır:
for since in the last … in the past … for the last … for the past … recently lately all …
The athletes have been running in the marathon for the last three hours.
Farmers in coastal cities have been growing tropical fruits lately.

B. The Present Perfect Tense or The Present Perfect Continuous Tense Video 2.9
Geçmişte başlayıp içinde bulunduğumuz anda hâlâ devam etmekte olan ya da henüz tamamlanmış olan bir eylemi anlatan
bazı fiiller hem “The Present Perfect Tense” hem de “The Present Perfect Continuous Tense” ile anlam farkı olmaksızın
kullanılabilir. Bu fiiller aşağıdaki tabloda yer almaktadır:
live work learn lie hope sleep stand look

rain snow study want sit stay wait teach
How long have you worked / have you been working for this company?
Since I moved to England, I have stayed / have been staying with the same host family.
“Non-progressive” olarak nitelediğimiz fiiller “The Present Perfect Tense” ile kullanılır. Ancak
Video 2.10
“hope”, “want”, “wish” fiilleri “The Present Perfect Continuous Tense” ile de kullanılabilir.
My best friend and I have known each other for fifteen years, so we have lots of memories and a strong relationship.
The young artist has been wanting to show her artwork in a solo exhibition for a long time.
Eylemin konuşma anına kadar süren bölümünü ifade etmek için “The Present Perfect Continuous Tense”,
eylemin tamamlanmış bölümünü ifade etmek için ise “The Present Perfect Tense” kullanılır.
Scientists have been trying to cure some degenerative disorders for over a century, and luckily, they have found
treatments for several of them.
5. The Simple Past Tense

“The Simple Past Tense”de olumlu, olumsuz ve soru yapılarının kullanımı aşağıdaki tabloda yer almaktadır:
Subject Pronouns Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I spent the weekend with my I did not spend the weekend Did you spend the weekend
I / You / We / They grandparents. with my grandparents. with your grandparents?
He / She / It I played tennis with my I did not play tennis with my Did you play tennis with your
cousin. cousin. cousin?

Aşağıdaki durumlarda “The Simple Past Tense” kullanılır:
Geçmişte belirli bir zamanda tamamlanmış eylemler:
Charles Babbage designed the first mechanical computer in 1833.
Video 2.11
Geçmişte art arda tamamlanan eylemler:
Jason arrived at the airport, checked in his luggage, and boarded the plane.
Geçmişte sürekli / kalıcı / tekrarlı eylemler ve alışkanlıklar:
Linda and Bob always went to the beach in the mornings during their holiday.
Koşul cümlelerinde, şu an veya gelecekte gerçekleşmesi mümkün olmayan, hayali veya varsayımsal durumlarda:
If we had more time, we would visit the museum.
“… zamanı çoktan geldi” anlamında, eylemin henüz gerçekleşmediğini ancak gerçekleşmiş olması gerektiğini
belirten durumlar:
It is about time / It is high time Luisa got a promotion at work, as she is very hardworking.

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