Page 39 - Grammar For YDT - 11

TENSES

Geçmişte belirli bir zaman diliminden önce tamamlanmış eylemlerin sonucunu vurgulamak için “The Past
Perfect Tense” kullanılırken; geçmişte bir noktaya kadar devam etmiş, tamamlanmış eylemlerin sürecini
vurgulamak için “The Past Perfect Continuous Tense” kullanılır.
The team leader had made the final preparation for her presentation before the audience arrived.

The adventurous explorer had been travelling abroad for several weeks by the time he returned home.
C. The Past Continuous Tense or The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
“The Past Continuous Tense”, kesintiye uğramış eylemleri anlatırken; “The Past Perfect Continuous Tense”,
geçmişte gerçekleşmiş bir olay ya da eylemden önceki süreci anlatmak için kullanılır.
The children were playing in the park when a sudden blast of wind blew away their balloons.

The children had been playing in the park for half an hour when a sudden blast of wind blew away their balloons.
D. Perfect Tenses or Perfect Continuous Tenses
“Ne kadar?” ve “Kaç tane?” sorularının cevabı bulunan cümlelerde “The Present Perfect Tense” ve “The
Past Perfect Tense” kullanılırken, “Ne kadar süredir?” sorusunun cevabı bulunan cümlelerde “The Present
Perfect Continuous Tense” ve “The Past Perfect Continuous Tense” tercih edilir. Bunun sebebi, ilkinde eylemin
sonucu vurgulanırken, diğerinde devam eden bir sürecin vurgulanmasıdır. Eylemsizlik bildiren fiiller bu kuralın
dışındadır.
The volunteers of the charity have been working for the disadvantaged children for a year, and they have collected
a lot of money in the last three months.

The volunteers of the charity had been working for the disadvantaged children for a year, and they had collected a
lot of money by then.

“Superlatives” (the smartest, the most amazing, vb.) ve “ordinal numbers” (the third, the last, vb.) gibi yapılardan
sonra “The Present Perfect Tense” veya “The Past Perfect Tense” kullanılır.
Eliud Kipchoge is the fastest runner the history of the marathon has ever seen and he still holds the world record.

Jim Hines was the fastest runner the history of the marathon had ever seen until he died at the age of 76.
9. The Simple Future Tense: Will / Be going to

A. The Simple Future Tense: Will
Video 2.21
“The Simple Future Tense: Will”de olumlu, olumsuz ve soru yapılarının kullanımı aşağıdaki tabloda yer almaktadır:

Subject Pronouns Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I / You / We / They Libraries will use innovative Libraries will not use innovative Will libraries use innovative
technology and build interactive technology and build interactive technology and build interactive
He / She / It learning spaces in the future. learning spaces in the future. learning spaces in the future?

Aşağıdaki durumlarda “The Simple Future Tense: Will” kullanılır:
Gelecek zamanda olacak olay ve durumlar:
Experts say that we will gradually experience heavier rainfall and stronger hurricanes because of climate change.
Önceden tasarlanmayan, anlık gelişen ve konuşma anında kararlaştırılan olaylar:
Melissa: Hey, Jack! Have you noticed the increase in the phone bill?

Jack: Oh, that’s far beyond what was promised to us. I will call customer service right away to find out why.
Gelecekle ilgili tahminler:
I think future advances in medical research will lead to treatments for currently incurable diseases.

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