Page 43 - Grammar For YDT - 11

TENSES

A. Time Expressions Frequently Used in the Future Perfect Continuous Tense

“The Future Perfect Continuous Tense”de yaygın olarak kullanılan zaman zarfları aşağıdaki tabloda yer almaktadır:
Video 2.28
for two years by tomorrow by this time tomorrow by then

Time Clause Main Clause
The Simple Present Tense
When / By the time + or The Future Perfect Continuous Tense
The Present Perfect Tense

By the 2040s, scientists will have been studying the effects of climate change for decades.
How long will the archaeologists have been working on the excavation site by the time they publish / have published
their findings?

When the construction ends / has ended, the construction workers will have been working for two years.
B. The Future Perfect Tense or The Future Perfect Continuous Tense
“The Future Perfect Tense” ve “The Future Perfect Continuous Tense”in cümle yapılarının karşılaştırılması aşağıdaki
tabloda yer almaktadır:
Affirmative Negative Interrogative

Christina will have prepared all the Christina will not have prepared Will Christina have prepared all the
The Future
Perfect Tense decorations by the time her friends all the decorations by the time her decorations by the time her friends
arrive. friends arrive. arrive?

The Future Christina will have been preparing Christina will not have been Will Christina have been preparing
Perfect
Continuous the decorations for hours by the preparing the decorations for hours the decorations for hours by the time
her friends arrive?
by the time her friends arrive.
time her friends arrive.
Tense
Gelecek zamanda devam ediyor olacak olan bir olayı anlatırken “The Future Perfect Continuous Tense”
kullanılırken; gelecekte belli bir zamandan önce bitecek olan bir olayı ifade ederken “The Future Perfect Tense”
kullanılır.

We have to take 6 course levels, one level for each month, from July to December to get a certificate.
We will have been taking courses for 6 months by the end of this year.
By the end of December, we will have finished taking all six courses to get a certificate.
Video 2.29
“The Future Perfect Continuous Tense” ile beraber eylemsizlik bildiren fiiller (non-action verbs) kullanılmaz.
By the time the guests arrive at the restaurant, the manager will have been preferring a table by the window. X

By the time the guests arrive at the restaurant, the manager will have preferred a table by the window. ✔
“The Future Perfect Continuous Tense” ile kullanılacak fiillere dikkat edilmelidir. Süreklilik bildiren “play”,
“sleep”, “read” gibi fiiller bu zaman ile kullanılabilir. “Finish”, “start”, “arrive” gibi bir anda gerçekleşen
eylemleri ifade eden fiiller, bu zamanla kullanılamaz.
By the end of the month, the company will have been starting marketing the new product globally. X

By the end of this month, the company will have started marketing the new product globally. ✔
After months of hard work, the woman will have been overcoming the challenges to achieve her business goals. X

After months of hard work, the woman will have overcome the challenges to achieve her business goals. ✔

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