Page 38 - Grammar For YDT - 11

TENSES

ENGLISH When I finished reading Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, I realised that my understanding of philosophy had significantly

deepened.
The Hittites had lived for about five hundred years in Anatolia before Lydians, Phrygians, and Persians inhabited it.

Until smartphones emerged, many people had never experienced the convenience of having instant access to
information at their fingertips.

By the time the rocket launched, the astronauts had already received extensive training for their mission.
“No sooner ... than” ve “hardly / barely / scarcely ... when”, “as soon as” ile aynı anlamı veren kalıplardır. “No
sooner ... than” ve “hardly / barely / scarcely ... when” yapıları cümlenin başında yer alırsa devrik cümle yapısı
kullanılır.

The experiment had hardly concluded when the researchers realised they had made a groundbreaking discovery in
science.

Hardly had the experiment concluded when the researchers realised they had made a groundbreaking discovery in
science.
8. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense

“The Past Perfect Continuous Tense”de olumlu, olumsuz ve soru yapılarının kullanımı aşağıdaki tabloda yer almaktadır:

Subject Pronouns Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I / You / We / They The athlete had been The athlete had not been Had the athlete been practising
practising for several months practising for several months for several months before the
He / She / It before the tournament started. before the tournament started. tournament started?

Aşağıdaki durumlarda “The Past Perfect Continuous Tense” kullanılır:
Geçmişte başlayıp yine geçmişte bir noktaya kadar devam eden eylemler:

Before Shakespeare wrote Hamlet, he had been working as an actor and a playwright in London theatre Video 2.18
scene for more than two decades.

Geçmişte bir noktaya kadar devam etmiş, tamamlanmış fakat etkisi o zaman diliminde görülebilmiş eylemler:
The struggling author had been teaching writing to youngsters at a time when he could not afford to pay the rent for
his apartment.
A. Time Expressions Frequently Used in the Past Perfect Continuous Tense

“The Past Perfect Continuous Tense”de yaygın olarak kullanılan zaman zarfları aşağıdaki tabloda yer almaktadır:
for since how long all when by the time
How long had the band been rehearsing before their concert started?

By the time the streets were flooded, the rain had been pouring down for hours.
As I had been studying all day, my brain felt like it was on the brink of exhaustion. Video 2.19

B. The Past Perfect Tense or The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Geçmişte belli bir noktada olmuş olaylardan söz ederken daha geçmişte olmuş eylemi ifade etmek
için “The Past Perfect Tense” kullanılırken; geçmişte belirli bir ana kadar devam eden eylemleri
ifade etmek için “The Past Perfect Continuous Tense” kullanılır.
Video 2.20
Before the meeting started, the team had already completed the project.
The student had been studying hard for months when she finally achieved her desired grades in the final exams.

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