Page 38 - Grammar For YDT - 11

TENSES

ENGLISH Until smartphones emerged, many people had never experienced the convenience of having instant access to
information at their fingertips.

By the time the rocket launched, the astronauts had already received extensive training for their mission.
“No sooner ... than” ve “hardly / barely / scarcely ... when”, “as soon as” ile aynı anlamı veren kalıplardır. “No
sooner ... than” ve “hardly / barely / scarcely ... when” yapıları cümlenin başında yer alırsa devrik cümle yapısı
kullanılır.

The experiment had hardly concluded when the researchers realised they had made a groundbreaking discovery in
science.
Hardly had the experiment concluded when the researchers had made a groundbreaking discovery in science.

8. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense

“The Past Perfect Continuous Tense”de olumlu, olumsuz ve soru yapıları aşağıdaki tabloda gösterildiği gibi oluşturulur.

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

The athlete had been practising The athlete had not been practising Had the athlete been practising for
I / You / We / They
He / She / It for several months before the for several months before the several months before the tournament
tournament started. tournament started. started?

Aşağıdaki durumlarda “The Past Perfect Continuous Tense” kullanılır.
Geçmişte başlayıp yine geçmişte bir noktaya kadar devam eden eylemler: Video 2.18
Before Shakespeare wrote Hamlet, he had been working as an actor and a playwright in London Theatre
for more than two decades.
Geçmişte bir noktaya kadar devam etmiş, tamamlanmış fakat etkisi o zaman diliminde görülebilmiş eylemler:

The famous author had been teaching writing to youngsters at a time when he could not afford to pay the rent for his
apartment.

A. Time Expressions Used in the Past Perfect Continuous Tense

for since how long all when by the time

How long had the band been rehearsing before their concert started?
By the time the streets were flooded, the rain had been pouring down for hours.
As I had been studying all day, my brain felt like it was on the brink of exhaustion.
Video 2.19
B. The Past Perfect Tense or The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Geçmişte belli bir noktada olmuş olaylardan söz ederken, daha geçmişte olmuş eylemi ifade
etmek için “The Past Perfect Tense” kullanılırken; geçmişte belirli bir ana kadar devam eden
eylemleri ifade etmek için “The Past Perfect Continuous Tense” kullanılır.
Video 2.20
Before the meeting started, the team had already completed the project.
The student had been studying hard for months when she finally achieved her desired grades in the final exams.

Geçmişte belirli bir zaman diliminden önce tamamlanmış eylemlerin sonucunu vurgulamak için “The Past
Perfect Tense” kullanılırken; geçmişte bir noktaya kadar devam etmiş, tamamlanmış eylemlerin sürecini
vurgulamak için “The Past Perfect Continuous Tense” kullanılır.
The team leader had made the final preparation for her presentation before the audience arrived.
The adventurous explorer had been travelling abroad for several weeks by the time he turned back home.

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