Page 37 - Grammar For YDT - 11

TENSES

7. The Past Perfect Tense

“The Past Perfect Tense”de olumlu, olumsuz ve soru yapıları aşağıdaki tabloda gösterildiği gibi oluşturulur.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
The audience had taken their The audience had not taken their Had the audience taken their seats
I / You / We / They seats before the concert started. seats before the concert started. before the concert started?
He / She / It I had finished my work before I I had not finished my work before I Had you finished your work before you
went out with my friends. went out with my friends. went out with your friends?

Aşağıdaki durumlarda “The Past Perfect Tense” kullanılır.
Geçmişteki bir eylemden daha önce gerçekleşmiş eylemler:
The road was closed for repairs because a water pipe had burst. Video 2.16
Geçmişte belirli bir zaman diliminden önce tamamlanmış eylemler:
Long before the sun rose, the night shift workers had finished their duties and gone home.
Dolaylı anlatımda “The Simple Past Tense” içeren cümleleri aktarırken:
The applicant said that she had completed her master’s degree a month before.
Koşul cümleleri (Third Conditional & Mixed Conditional):
If Johannes Gutenberg had not invented the printing press, books would not have become accessible to the masses.
Geçmiş ile ilgili pişmanlıklarımızı ifade eden “wish” ve “if only” yapıları:
I wish humanity had taken earlier action against global warming.
If only humanity had taken earlier action against global warming.
A. Time Expressions Used in the Past Perfect Tense

just by after already before once yet prior to
when until as soon as since till by the time for never

Aşağıdaki tabloda verilen zaman bağlaçlarından sonra “The Past Perfect Tense” getirilerek “Time Clause” yapılır. Bu
yapıda ana cümle ise “The Simple Past Tense”dir.
Time Clause Main Clause
As soon as
Once + The Past Perfect Tense The Simple Past Tense
When

I added more fruits and vegetables to my meals as soon as the doctor had emphasised the importance of a
healthy diet.
Once the sun had completely set, a soft wind started to blow through the trees.
When the team had lost the final game, the players felt disappointed and sorrowful. Video 2.17
Aşağıdaki tabloda verilen zaman bağlaçlarından sonra “The Simple Past Tense” getirilerek “Time Clause” yapılır. Bu
yapıda ana cümle ise “The Past Perfect Tense”dir.
Time Clause Main Clause
Before
By the time The Past Perfect Tense
Until + The Simple Past Tense
When

When I finished reading Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, I realised that my understanding of philosophy had significantly
deepened.
Hittites had lived for about five hundred years in Anatolia before Lydians, Phrygians, and Persians inhabited there.

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