Page 37 - Grammar For YDT - 11

TENSES

7. The Past Perfect Tense

“The Past Perfect Tense”de olumlu, olumsuz ve soru yapılarının kullanımı aşağıdaki tabloda yer almaktadır:
Subject Pronouns Affirmative Negative Interrogative

The audience had not taken
The audience had taken their seats before the concert Had the audience taken their
their seats before the concert seats before the concert started?
I / You / We / They started.
started.
He / She / It I had not finished my work Had you finished your work
I had finished my work before I before I went out with my before you went out with your
went out with my friends. friends?
friends.
Aşağıdaki durumlarda “The Past Perfect Tense” kullanılır:
Geçmişteki bir eylemden daha önce gerçekleşmiş eylemler:
The road was closed for repairs because a water pipe had burst.
Video 2.16
Geçmişte belirli bir zaman diliminden önce tamamlanmış eylemler:
Long before the sun rose, the night shift workers had finished their duties and gone home.
Dolaylı anlatımda “The Simple Past Tense” içeren cümleleri aktarırken:
The applicant said that she had completed her master’s degree the previous month.
Koşul cümlelerinde (Third Conditional & Mixed Conditional):

If Johannes Gutenberg had not invented the printing press, books would not have become accessible to the masses.
Geçmiş ile ilgili pişmanlıklarımızı ifade eden “wish” ve “if only” yapıları:
I wish humanity had taken earlier action against global warming.
If only humanity had taken earlier action against global warming.
A. Time Expressions Frequently Used in the Past Perfect Tense
“The Past Perfect Tense”de yaygın olarak kullanılan zaman zarfları aşağıdaki tabloda yer almaktadır: Video 2.17

just by after already before once yet prior to

when until as soon as since till by the time for never

Aşağıdaki tabloda verilen zaman bağlaçlarından sonra “The Past Perfect Tense” ya da “The Past Tense”
getirilerek “Time Clause” yapılır. Bu yapıda ana cümle ise “The Simple Past Tense”dir.
Time Clause Main Clause

The Past Perfect Tense
As soon as / Once / When + The Simple Past Tense
The Simple Past Tense

I added more fruits and vegetables to my meals as soon as the doctor had emphasised the importance of a healthy diet.
Once the sun had completely set, a soft wind started to blow through the trees.
When the team had lost the final game, the players felt disappointed and sorrowful.
Aşağıdaki tabloda verilen zaman bağlaçlarından sonra “The Simple Past Tense” getirilerek “Time Clause”
yapılır. Bu yapıda ana cümle ise “The Past Perfect Tense”dir.

Time Clause Main Clause

Before / By the time / Until / When + The Simple Past Tense The Past Perfect Tense

37