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ENGLISH 3
RD
STEP
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Paragraph Comprehension-5

2019 YDT
Soruları verilen parçalara göre cevaplayınız. Jesse Jackson fought for the rights of African Americans during the civil
2018 YDT rights movement of the 1960s. Later on he became involved in politics
It was a road that kicked off the pattern of destruction in the Amazon forest. and world affairs. Jackson joined the civil rights movement when he
During the 1970s, Brazil began building the Trans-Amazonian Highway was a student. In 1965, he began working for a civil rights group led by
from near the country’s easternmost point to its western border, where the famous Martin Luther King, Jr. In 1971, Jackson founded the group
the state of Amazonas meets Peru. The route opened up the heart of the People United to Save Humanity (PUSH). This group helped African
Amazon to settlement, causing deforestation rates to increase. During the Americans to get jobs and to open businesses. In 1984, he founded the
1990s and early 2000s, more than 25,000 square kilometres of rainforest National Rainbow Coalition (NRC) to help all kinds of people, not just
per year were cleared out. Throughout these years, roads have provided
the means to penetrate the forest and eliminate large chunks of it. In an African Americans. Jackson ran for President of the United States in
unpublished study of the Brazilian Amazon, researcher Christopher Barber 1984 and 1988. While he did not win either time, he did better than any
found that 95% of deforestation in the region occurs within 7 kilometres of other African American presidential candidates who had come before
a road. Once construction begins, road crews are quickly followed by land him. Jackson also gained a lot of attention for his role in world affairs.
speculators, loggers, farmers, ranchers, gold miners and others who carve He spoke out against apartheid (separation of the races) in South Africa
away the forest along the route. This creates great treeless expanses in and took part in peace talks in the Middle East. He also worked with
the landscape, but research is now showing that the building of roads also several countries to free US citizens being held as prisoners.
triggers environmental changes in the remaining forest that can dry out
trees, set the stage for wildfires, and weaken the ecosystem.
4. What can be inferred from the passage about the African
1. Which of the following can be said about the Amazon forest? Americans in the 1970s?
A) The state of Brazil had to build roads through it for the people who A) No one was willing to help them during this time.
were settled in the forest. B) It was difficult for them to find employment.
B) Although it damaged the forest, the new highway enabled the C) They were all members of the PUSH.
people of Amazonas to better travel to Peru.
C) From the 1990s onwards, 25,000 square kilometres were being D) They were not allowed to run for president.
cut down every year to make way for the new highway. E) They were held in prisons in several other countries.
D) The rainforest has been suffering from a pattern of destruction in a
scale it had not experienced before the 1970s.
E) Deforestation has not only affected Brazil’s eastern and western
borders, but it has also started to spread through other countries.
2. Which of the following best describes the relationship between 5. Which statement is true about Jesse Jackson’s political
road construction and deforestation? involvement?
A) Since the road crews work with a lot of parties to carve away the A) He was the first African American candidate for president.
forest, deforestation along the route is not affected at all. B) He was primarily interested in helping African Americans in the
B) According to research on the Brazilian Amazon, a very large US.
percentage of deforestation is a direct consequence of building the
Trans-Amazonian Highway. C) He supported apartheid in South Africa as well as in the Middle
C) The highway and its branching roads were built to provide the East.
necessary means of penetrating the forest to erase the traces of D) He was concerned for the rights of people inside and outside the
deforestation. US.
D) Contrary to previous beliefs, research is now showing that road E) He received help from Martin Luther King, Jr. to establish the
crews also set fires and dry out the trees during construction work. NRC.
E) Although trees were cut down for the highway resulting in treeless
landscapes, this was limited to an area of within 7 kilometres of a
road.

3. One can conclude from the passage that the author mainly
_______.
A) wants to warn the Brazillian state against the future consequences
of their project of Trans-Amazonian Highway
B) tries to point that the environmental effects of building roads are
confused with the ones caused by humans 6. What is the passage mainly about?
C) informs the reader on the effects building a road through the forest
has on the local ecosystem A) Jesse Jackson’s election campaign for president
D) criticises people contributing to the deforestation process with their B) The human rights groups that Jesse Jackson was a part of
work C) The reason why Jesse Jackson was a role model to Americans
E) underlines the reasons why the Brazilian Amazon suffers more D) Jesse Jackson’s contributions to civil rights movements
than the other parts of the forest E) Jesse Jackson’s moral beliefs about civil rights

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