Page 163 - 3 STEPS YDT ENGLISH

ENGLISH 3 RD
STEP
Paragraph Completion-2

2021 YDT
Boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak
için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 3. The Aral Sea is a saltwater body in central Asia. It is
bordered by Kazakhstan in the north and Uzbekistan in
2019 YDT the south. The Aral Sea once covered an area of 68,000
square kilometres. However, it started to shrink during
1. Following the last Ice Age, humans had to adapt their diet
and ways of life. While mobility was usual, in favourable the second half of the 1900s, as most of the inflowing
areas with exceptional resources, communities could river water was used for irrigation before it reached
become settled. Hunter-gatherers used a wide variety the sea. The sea also loses water through evaporation.
of foods. _______ For example, herd animals moved _______ The Aral has therefore shrunk drastically in its
between summer upland and winter lowland pastures, area and volume. By the end of the 1900s, the Aral Sea
marine fish and birds migrated seasonally, and woodlands had lost so much water that the exposed land divided the
produced autumn fruits and spring bulbs. However, other sea into three separate parts.
food sources, such as shellfish, small mammals, and A) The Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, which are mainly
freshwater fish, could be found all year round. used for irrigation, are the sea’s two main sources of
inflowing water.
A) Bones and shells recovered from archaeological sites are
the most obvious remains of what hunter-gatherers ate. B) The fishing industry along the Aral Sea has also been
virtually destroyed due to a number of factors.
B) In some favoured regions, early humans could remain in
one location with abundant resources. C) Also called Lake Aral, the Aral Sea is situated more than
400 kilometres east of the Caspian Sea.
C) Hunter-gatherers in warmer areas often hunted gazelle,
the most common mammal in the region. D) Scientists view the changes to the Aral Sea as a serious
threat to the local environment and human health.
D) In most regions, some foods were available in different
places at certain times of year. E) Because there is not much rainfall, this water is not
replaced fast enough to maintain the water level.
E) Hunter-gatherers selected environments offering a
diversity of food sources, such as lakes, rivers, and
coasts.

2020 YDT 4. Marine trash from all around the world is piled up on
Kenya’s beaches, posing a serious threat to turtles.
2. Until now, there has not been a comprehensive map of
An official from the World Wildlife Fund has stated that
soil bacteria, but a team of scientists recently took the
turtles may mistake plastics for food, believing them
first steps toward creating one and found out something
to be jellyfish. A recent study has revealed that 23 per
surprising along the way. These researchers collected
cent of juvenile turtles and 54 per cent of post-hatchling
nearly 300 soil samples from 18 countries and as many
turtles ate plastic, implying that young turtles are more
different environments as possible. _______ However, the
prone than adults to die from ingesting plastic. _______
scientists found that across these different environments
They are unable to lay eggs when there is a lot of plastic
on Earth, a relatively small number of bacteria species
surrounding hatching places. Furthermore, when baby
dominated.
turtles hatch, they are unable to reach the ocean.
A) These tiny organisms, which populate every environment,
play active roles in many of Earth’s biological processes. A) The findings have revealed that the threat to turtles is
limited to only a few species.
B) They create acidic environments, decompose dead
B) Current levels of poaching will result in the extinction of
organisms and release gases.
the turtle population soon.
C) They were expecting to find a diverse array of bacteria
C) Another threat of garbage pollution to turtles emerges
species spanning different terrains.
during their breeding season.
D) With this new bacteria list, scientists have a starting point D) The media’s excessive focus on pollution as a danger to
for studying the complex web of ecosystem.
sea turtles is expected.
E) Of the thousands of individual species of bacteria, only 20
per cent of those are known to scientists. E) The issue of sea turtle conservation is more complicated
than the locals portray.
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