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5. The foundation for the Leaning Tower of Pisa was laid in 7. _______ Hence, it can be said that English is a polyglot
1173, but the construction took 199 years to complete due language. Because it is the primary language in so many
to wars and other political factors. However, its iconic lean countries, including the United States, Wales, Scotland,
was not what its designers had intended. _______ Since Ireland, and many other Commonwealth nations, it does
then, many efforts have been made to stabilise the tower not uniquely identify the English. However, the fundamental
and prevent it from collapsing while also preserving the lean source of the language is the Anglo-Saxons, who were
that has made it famous. the main ethnic root of the English people and conquered
th
th
England in the 5 and 6 centuries. Their lexicon contributed
A) As the tower was built on soft soil, it began to lean during its
to many of the most frequently used words in English today.
construction, and the foundation began to give way under its
weight. A) Following the Norman conquest in 1066, Anglo-Norman
B) Even after at least four major earthquakes, the leaning tower superseded Old English as the upper-class language for a
is still standing, despite the fact that one might expect it to while.
collapse. B) English, as we know it today, came to be exported to other
C) After it was completed, the structure was a hollow cylinder parts of the world through British colonisation and is now the
that rose eight storeys and reached a height of about 60 dominant language in the world.
metres. C) The vocabulary of the English language has been expanded
D) While many people believe that the leaning tower is the only thanks to words that have been brought in from other parts
one in the world, there are actually several more. of the world.
E) Although no physical modifications are planned, the tower is D) English literature began to reappear after 1200 when a
monitored for factors like tilt and water table all the time. changing political climate and Anglo-Norman decline made it
more respectable.
E) English underwent extensive sound changes during the
th
15 century, while its spelling conventions remained largely
constant.

8. Avocados, grown as individual seedling trees before
6. _______ Despite sleeping in an average-temperature room,
the Spanish invasion, were first domesticated in tropical
the body perspires profusely, making the bed damp and
America. Horticulturists discovered that producing grafted
moist, and, therefore, sheets and clothes must be changed
trees was straightforward and enabled the perpetuation of
frequently. This type of sleep disorder, also known as
superior seedlings and the establishment of orchards about
‘sleep hyperhidrosis’, disrupts normal sleep cycles on a
1900, when the plants received significant horticultural
regular basis. Excessive sweating during sleep, however,
attention. _______ In 2020, the top producers were Mexico,
can be caused by environmental factors such as sleeping
the Dominican Republic, Peru, Indonesia, and Colombia.
in a hot room, as well as an underlying health problem.
Commercially, the fruits are produced in Florida, California,
A) Produced by the glands located in the dermis layer of the Hawaii, Kenya, Haiti, Chile, South Africa, Brazil, Australia, and
skin, sweat aids in the regulation of body temperature, even on a few Pacific islands and in a number of Mediterranean
while sleeping. countries, including Israel.
B) You may sweat depending on how many blankets you have, A) Avocado is a tree belonging to the laurel family, including
how warm your room is, and even what you eat before bed. cinnamon and camphor trees.
C) Night sweats — excessive sweating while sleeping — are B) Avocados can be green, brown, purple, or black when ripe,
chronic problems that affect many people. depending on the variety.
D) Some people have idiopathic hyperhidrosis, a kind of C) Avocados, a subtropical species, require an environment
disorder which causes them to sweat all the time rather than that is neither frosty nor windy.
just while sleeping.
D) The avocado industry has flourished in suitable climates
E) When we are exposed to high temperatures, our sweat worldwide since then.
glands create perspiration to maintain an average body
E) The rising demand for the production of avocados may
temperature.
cause water problems in Mexico.

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