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7. (I) One in five European butterflies is thought to be threatened 10. (I) Some philosophers, such as Plato and Descartes,
by intensive farming methods. (II) Agriculture is considered suggested that certain things are inborn or that they occur
the main factor in the loss of species worldwide. (III) However, naturally regardless of environmental influences. (II) In other
when it comes to protecting the grasslands for the butterflies, words, what children are endowed with at birth plays an
birds and other insects that live there, agriculture, depending important role in their personality development. (III) Some
on how it is practised, can be either a positive or negative others, like John Locke, believed in what is known as a tabula
force. (IV) Intensive farming, for example, is clearly bad for rasa, which suggests that the mind begins as a blank slate.
biodiversity. (V) Very few wild plants and animals can survive (IV) Based on these two views, psychology tries to determine
practices like planting vast fields with a single crop, pesticide whether the behaviours of humans stem from their genetics or
use, and frequent mowing and ploughing of this farming whether they result from environmental factors. (V) However,
method. it has not been able to reach a clear conclusion as to which
one affects human behaviour more.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

11. (I) Sustainable development is the economic policies
8. (I) Many nutritionists recommend daily consumption of
implemented without endangering the needs of future
oatmeal, for it has a lot of health benefits. (II) With a high
generations. (II) In other words, it is to ensure the transfer
content of complex carbohydrates and soluble fibres, oatmeal
of natural resources to future generations without depletion
can help stabilise blood glucose levels and better the digestion
by establishing a balance between the continuity of human
process. (III) It can also lower cholesterol and reduce the
activities and nature. (III) As the concept has evolved, its
chances of heart disease if combined with a low-fat diet. (IV)
focus has shifted more towards economic development,
The oatmeal diet can be quite beneficial, seeing that it is a
social development, and environmental protection for future
rich, fibrous diet plan, yet it may not be easy to follow. (V)
generations. (IV) Therefore, the United Nations has set out the
Its high vitamin B content can assist the body with smooth,
Sustainable Development Goals, or Global Goals, which can
efficient digestion and converting food into energy.
be considered a universal call to action to eradicate poverty,
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V protect our planet, and ensure that all people live in peace
and welfare. (V) The promotion of renewable sources such
as solar and wind power is strongly supported in international
opinion polls.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

9. (I) Red wolf population dramatically decreased in the early 12. (I) Sociological thinking is based on the idea that human
1900s in the south-central and eastern United States, where beings act according to cultural and historical influences, not
they were once plentiful. (II) A few decades later, they were with their own decisions. (II) They also focus on the demands
classified as threatened with extinction. (III) At the Alligator and expectations of others and behave accordingly. (III) That
River National Wildlife Refuge in 1987, recovery efforts in is why social interaction is probably the basic sociological
the wild began. (IV) Thanks to these recovery attempts, the concept because it is the main part of all relationships
population started to increase, yet not as much as initially that constitute human society. (IV) By interacting with one
expected. (V) All the species like red wolves are taken under another, people design rules, institutions, and systems within
protection by the authorities. which they seek to live. (V) Sociologists who study the details
of particular interactions in daily life are sometimes called
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
microsociologists.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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