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7. (I) Born on 11 October 1910 in Thessaloniki, Cahit Arf was 10. (I) The pile foundation technique is known to have been used
a Turkish mathematician known for his contributions to for the first time in the construction of the world’s first seven-
science. (II) His influence on mathematics, in particular, was star hotel in Dubai. (II) Thanks to 230 gigantic concrete piles,
profound. (III) He developed the Arf invariant of a quadratic the 321-meter-high giant building was erected on the soft
form in characteristic 2 (applied in knot theory and surgery sandy ground of Dubai. (III) However, Architect Sinan used
theory) in topology, the Hasse–Arf theorem in ramification the same technique in the construction of the Süleymaniye
theory, Arf semigroups, and Arf rings. (IV) Upon his final Mosque 450 years ago. (IV) He drove massive stakes into
return to Türkiye, he worked in the Middle East Technical the ground, piled up boulders, and subjected the soil to a
University’s Mathematics Department and served there until pressure of 10 to 15 tonnes per square metre for two years,
his retirement in 1980. (V) Owing to his ground-breaking exactly twice the pressure it would exert on the floor of the
discoveries, he received numerous awards, including the mosque it would build. (V) Reinforced concrete, timber, and
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye steel-concrete composite materials are commonly used to
(TÜBİTAK) Science Award and Commandeur des Palmes construct piles.
Academiques of France.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

11. (I) Human Resource Management (HRM) is the process of
8. (I) Wildfires are increasing sharply in North America due recruiting and training people, developing relevant policies,
to climate change, increased development, and land-use and generating strategies to retain them. (II) Companies
policies. (II) They are becoming a more prominent factor in become more successful with departments that act in
air pollution as emissions from human activities decline due line with their vision and mission. (III) HRM, as a field, has
to more efficient combustion processes in automobiles and undergone many changes over the past two decades, giving
factories. (III) The fires are altering the seasonal pattern it an even more important role in today’s organisations. (IV) It
of air pollution and causing a spike in unhealthy pollutants is also a strategic and comprehensive approach to managing
in the air. (IV) As a result, the smoke caused by the fires people, workplace culture, and the environment. (V) It allows
undermines clean air gains, posing severe health risks to employees to help with the overall direction of the company
millions of people. (V) The research team tracked wildfires and the success of its goals and objectives if it is carried out
over the last two decades using satellite-based observations well.
of atmospheric chemistry and computer modelling.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

9. (I) Vanilla is the second most high-priced spice around the 12. (I) In Japan, engineers created a giant humanoid robot that
globe, after saffron, and it is primarily used to flavour sweet looks like something from a science fiction film to repair railway
dishes. (II) Because the demand for cultivated vanilla far cables that people cannot reach. (II) They developed it to
exceeds the supply, artificial vanilla flavours are increasingly execute tasks that are considered too dangerous for people,
being used in the food industry. (III) Its one-of-a-kind, subtle, thus decreasing the risk of electrocution and falling. (III) The
aromatic flavour is a sheer delight to the senses. (IV) Vanilla, robot, which can raise up to 40 kg of specialised equipment
which is available as fresh pods, extract, or essence, is used to a height of nearly 10 metres, is installed on a crane, and
to flavour baked goods such as cakes, ice creams, French an engineer controls it with a VR headset and remote. (IV)
toast, and other desserts. (V) It is also available in essential Robots are accused of rising technological unemployment
oil, which is used in aromatherapy. since they replace workers in an increasing range of activities.
(V) Currently, maintenance personnel utilise it on remote
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
railway contact lines in Japan, and the company expects to
put it into full service within a few years.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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