Page 274 - 3 STEPS YDT ENGLISH

ENGLISH 3 STEP-A
RD

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7. (I) Humans need social interaction, so depriving them of social 10. (I) Carbohydrates are a vast and diverse group of nutrients
contact, like when prisoners are sent to solitary confinement, found in most foods. (II) This group includes simple sugars
is recognised by psychologists as a form of torture. (II) On and complex forms such as starches, which are broken
the other hand, too much social interaction can be tiring; down during digestion to produce simple sugars. (III) In
engaging with someone is a lot of work for the brain. (III) This contrast to the other carbohydrates, fibre is a type of complex
explains the apparent contradiction between humans needing carbohydrate that cannot be readily digested by our bodies.
social interaction, but also needing privacy. (IV) The social (IV) The main function of the simple sugars and starches in
brain hypothesis, first put forward in the 90s, suggests that the foods we eat is to deliver calories for energy. (V) The
our sociable nature is why we have such developed brains. simple sugar glucose is required to satisfy the energy needs
(V) Social interaction wears our brain out, so we need privacy of the brain, whereas our muscles use glucose for short-term
to get away for a bit and recharge. bouts of activity.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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8. (I) One essential requirement of healthy nourishment is that a 11. (I) Since their earliest presence on Earth, humans have
meal must be complete. (II) In other words, it must supply all sought to make sense of their surroundings. (II) Survival
types of nutrients, those used for structural purposes (protein), depended on understanding the behaviour of a volcano, the
those used for energy purposes (carbohydrates and fats), and flood cycles of a river, or the optimum time to cross a mountain
those used for regulatory functions (minerals and vitamins). pass. (III) Humans developed ways to record and pass on
(III) Only consuming a variety of products from different food such information. (IV) Modern science and information
groups will guarantee the supply of diverse nutrients that the gathering have given anthropologists more insight than ever
body needs. (IV) One should not take up even a standard before. (V) As they ventured from their places of origin, by
diet without consulting with a doctor. (V) That is to say, only a land and by sea, people acquired a broader perspective of
varied diet containing different types of food can provide the Earth’s processes and of the patterns and impact of human
body with the range of nutrients that it requires. settlement throughout the world.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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9. (I) The ninja emerged in Japan in the mid-15th century as a 12. (I) Creativity usually means producing things that are both
class of specially trained warriors. (II) The ninja have typically novel and useful but could we design machines that are
been seen as the antithesis of the honourable samurai, but the creative? (II) Equally controversial is the idea that one might
relationship is in fact much more complicated. (III) They spent produce socially and emotionally intelligent machines. (III) To
their entire lives improving the skills, disciplines and abilities fully qualify for this praise, a machine must be able to first
they needed to become masters of ninjutsu. (IV) Training read or detect emotions in another person or machine and
began at a very early age and like samurai, they began then reach out to that person or machine appropriately. (IV)
almost as soon as they could walk, learning how to fight with Many people have dreamed of a machine that can produce
a vast array of weapons, from katanas, a long single-edged typed script of what they say. (V) An emotionally intelligent,
samurai sword, to throwing stars. (V) They were extremely socially skilled machine would need to be more than simply
fit and capable of impressive physical feats such as running polite but also rewarding and sensitive.
for a long period of time, scaling castle walls, leaping great
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
distances and fighting multiple opponents without weapons.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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